You may also step through the reaction using "next" or "previous" "+" increases speed while "-" decreases the animation speed. It proceeds through the reaction in the "forward" direction and then "backwards" again. "Start" begins an animation of the reaction series. The GTP overlays the Mn because this is a 2D representation of a 3D map. The Mn 2+ represents the crucial enzyme active site metal ion. Animation of the PEPcarboxykinase reaction Blue: Hover your mouse over a step to reveal a description In the lungs, where CO 2 concentration is low (atmosphereic concetrations), the same reaction catalyzed by the same enzyme runs the other way to generate CO 2 so that we can exhale it.Ī metal ion helps the aldol reaction get started by providing a strong positive charge to start the electron pulling.In the tissues, where CO 2 is generated and therefore in relatively high concentration, an enzyme called Carbonic Anhydrase (CA) rapdidly converts CO 2 to HCO 3 - + H + by reaction with water in a reversible reaction.We go to great lengths to keep our CO 2 concentration low. The reason is that CO 2 concentrations are very low in the tissues. While the ΔG o' is not very far from 0, this reaction is virtually irreversible in reality toward product phosphoenolpyruvate. This uses the Free Energy of generating a CO 2 from and Aldol cleavage to drive the "enol" formation and then the the "enol" attacks GTP for a group transfer reaction. This one takes the smae carboxyl group that was just put onto pyruvate by the pyruvate carbolylase enzyme. This is the second half of the two reactions that are required to bypass the pyruvate kinase reaction of glycolysis.
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